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Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - March 3, 1975, Winnipeg, Manitoba Printed and published dally except Sunday by Winnipeg Free Press Company Limited, 300 Carlton Street. Winnipeg. Manitoba. RICHARD C. MALONE R. H. SHELFORD Publisher P'es. and Gen. Mgr. PETER McLINTOCK MAURICE WESTERN Editor Ottawa Editor R. S. MALONE Chairman Winnipeg Free Press WINNIPEG, MONDAY, MARCH 3, 1975 Pages 15 26 Freedom of Trade Liberty of Religion Equality of Civil Rights Idea Revived An Idea which is 25 years old is about to surface again, according to a recent story in the Toronto Star. The newspaper says that a confidential report of the Economic Council of Canada, to be made public in May, recommends that Canada 'join an open-ended free trade area with other interested countries the United States, the European Economic Community and Japan before the end of the decade.' And if nego- tiations to set up such a free trade area fail, then Cana- da should negotiate xwith the U.S. alone. The idea o'f an Atlantic free trade area and a true Atlantic community is as old as NATO, which was set up in 1949. Many notable statesmen have subscribed to the idea U.S. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy, Bri- tain's Harold Macmillan, Adlai Stevenson, France's Jean Monnet among them. But perhaps most active in the promotion of an Atlantic community was the late Lester B. Pearson. Debate on the question was most vigorous in 1961 when Mr. Pearson was presssing hard for adoption of the idea, against the determined opposi- tion of the Conservative government of the day led by John Diefenbaker. The economic council report appears to be con- cerned with economic matters only. It advocates an out- ward-looking trade policy on the ground that 'free trade would produce a quantum jump in the productive potential of Canadian manufacturing industries with re- sults that would pervade the entire economy.' This is precisely the argument that has always been advanced for a free trade area and not only by Cana- dians. Harold Macmillan in 1961 was saying: 'I have no doubt of what our aim should be. We ought to try to work for the largest area of free trade that we can 'create.' Lyndon Johnson said: 'No single nation has enough influence and power to maintain this 'spacious environment of freedom. The coalition of the peoples and nations of Western Europe and North America is indispensable to this end In 1962 John F. Kennedy in his state of the union address challenged the Atlantic alliance to join in a partnership of commerce. These were brave words and little came of them, partly becausev governments tend to pay lip service to high ideals but to more practical matters and to lob- bies when it gets down to hard tacks. There is little rea- son to believe that the economic council's proposal will get much farther today than Mr. Pearson's urgings did in-1961 Then, he warned that establishment of an Atlan- tic trade community would be 'as difficult a task as ever faced free peoples. It will cut across considerations of short-range national advantage. It will require spe- cial government assistance for those who may be hurt by the initial impact of change. It may seem to give foreigners competitive advantages.' Undoubtedly, the same arguments in opposition will cushioned from the Canada's tariff Diefenbaker 15 A Heavy Obligation Russian Military Service By Cyril Wise R OME: There is no _ _ doubt whatever that military obligations falling upon the shoulders of Rus- sian citizens, and those ol the Warsaw Pact countries, are the heaviest in the world __not only in the duration of military service but in the seriousness of military pre- paration which starts sat a youthful age and finishes at 50, at the end of reserve ser- vice. Pre-military service be- came obligatory in the im- mediate post-war period. The Soviet 'pioneers' in- clude between 20 million and 25 million-boys and girls between the age's of nine and 15, .who participate at annual para-military man- oeuvres. The most important of these is the 'Zarnitza' in which the units are battal- i o n s with regular com- m a n d s communications, scouts, etc. These are pre- sented in the form of chil- 'To tell you the truth I'd forgotten about all the running and jumping... I thought of the Olympics as a lottery.' Indication of Changing Values soldiers continue to have ob- ligations as reservists, divid- ed into three sections ac- cording to age: until 35. 45 and 50. In the first section, reservists are obliged to complete four periods of ser- vice of three' months, with the exception of the air force where flying personnel must undertake four periods of 40 days. All Russian citizens, men from'the age of 16 to 60 and women from 16 to 55, may be called upon to undergo training and activity cover- ing civil defence, command- ed by permanent officers of the 'troops of civil de- whose commander is a full general attached to the ministry of defence. Such apart from the fixed military forma- t i o n s could represent a heavy financial engagement on the part of the state. But the pay is purely symbolic; Our Unspecialized Deputy Ministers tvip farm chores 0 be raised again. Manufacturers, harsh impact of competition by walls will argue, as did Mr. years ago, that a lantic nations or an free trade area, whether with the At- U.S. alone, would open the Canadi- ruinous competition (ignoring the'counter more argument that foreign markets would then be open to Canadian Nor can it be overlooked that 15 years ago, narrow Canadian nationalism was not vocal as today; and although they may deny it, Ca- as nadian nationalists will profess to see in an Atlantic community or free trade area a development that would greatly dilute Canadian nationalism. The answer to which would seem to be that it cannot be strong if it cannot face free competition. The report will be awaited with much interest, both by those who will oppose it and by those who believe, with many of these great statesmen of the past quarter- century that in an Atlantic community lies the best pos- sible future for Canada and its friends and allies. TTAWA: It is perhaps an indication of chang- ing values that cabinet reor- nowadays are little regarded whereas re- shuffles of deputy ministers are matters of intense and continuing interest, not only to the public service, but also to commentators and members of Parliament. Some days ago the prime minister announced a -series of senior appointments. The list included Denis Hudon who has replaced Sydney Williams as deputy minister of agriculture. On Thursday Mr. Hudon's appointment was the subject of a fascinating exchange between Bert Hargrave; the Conservative', expert on the livestock.industry, and Mit- chell Sharp, acting lor Mr. Trudeau. As will be noted, the questions put by the member for Medicine Hat were direct; the answers ministerial. By Maurice Western The Unbelievers British Prime Minister Harold Wilson's 'social.con- tract' goes on and on, down down down. The miners squeezed the government, which was elected, as the one most able to control runaway wage demands, and got from them 33 per cent. The following week there was, because of this increase, a 37% per cent increase in ne electricity tariff. In January, the British cost of living index rose by 2.6 per cent. Yet Michael Foot, the em- ployment secretary, called those who complained a bunch of 'moaning minnies.' The chancellor of the exchequer, Dems Healey, went to the union leaders to ask them for restraint and to face the facts of the British situation The railway lead- Mr.-Hargrave, with appar- ent annoyance, observed: 'While I note that the new deputy has impressive 'cre- dentials in the fields of fi- nance and internal govern- m e n t administration, his backgrjund suggests a com- plete absence of any experi- ence in agriculture. I ask the acting prime minister why the prime minister ap- pointed a man without ap- parent agricultural experi- ence as our new deputy min- ister and whether applica- tions were considered from candidates with this neces- sary background in agricul- list the agricultural creden- tials of Sydney Williams, which any reader may find in the reference books. But flexibility is necessary. For what reason? 'To give a career to intelligent people.' These posts exist then, not primarily to serve agriculture, but because -the service has claims of its own. Without it, there would be no careers. M r Hargrave, although normally a patient man, came back with an exasper- ated supplementary. 'Will the acting prime minister indicate whether the min- ister of agriculture was con- sulted in regard to this ap- pointment and whether he participated in the final de- cision? -Will he also advise whether any serious consid- eration was given to the ap- pointment of a deputy min- ister of agriculture from Western Mr. Sharp, by way of re- sponse, observed that an- nouncements and appoint- ments of deputy ministers are the prerogative of the important point. We do not elect ministers. We are given a choice among .lay- men or lay-women and re- turn members. The prime minister must then do the best he can with a job-lot. Such a system, it might be thought, would invite dire consequences. But we man- age, more or less, and the explanation commonly of- fered is that politicians are supported by the permanent service. While the distinction between cow and sow may be unclear to a minister, no the farm chores the dren's play but represent the patriotic formation of a mili- tary nature, to which the press and television devote considerable attention. After the age of 14 the treatment i s and for food spartan-like, much use is great harm visibility is results if better at the the deputy ministerial level. With new theories in the ascendant, we are now plain- ly in a situation of some complexity. We have rotat prime minister and that the prerogative had always been highly valued by prime min- 'told him that they were pleased that the miners set- ers tlement was now his men negotiations. ..As Mr. doubt now knows what he meant is another man's price rise inside the 'social contract' terms because could expect from 25 to 30 per cent in their Wilson said at one time, and no 'One man's wage rise There is anxiety and unrest among some Labor min- isters about the course of events and about these large nay raises. It is said that they know what the conse- quences for the national economy will be, yet they re- main loyally silent, apparently more loyal to the party than they are to the country or to the general interests of their constituents. And there is absolute silence on the Labor benches. The country is down and almost out. England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity, the Irish used to say. Now it appears to be the slogan of or- ganized labor. The difference is that the Irish couldn t bring Britain down. Organized labor can and seems de- termined to do it, no matter what the cost to them- selves Indeed, the latest research into labor opinion on the matter .suggests that the British worker does not ac- cept that Britain's position is at all dangerous. So where is the hope? ture? In reply, Mr. Sharp noted that the appointee 'is one of the more senior and more experienced civil servants and a man who has worked in many capacities. I do not think it is absolutely neces- sary that the deputy min- ister be a specialist in any particular department. Oth- erwise, of course, it is very difficult to have flexibility within the public service isters, including Mr. Diefen- baker. The prerogative, as will be obvious, had not been ques- tioned. 'By his silence in re- spect to the questions actual- ly posed, Mr. Sharp ap- peared to confirm Mr. Har- grave's dark suspicions. It would seem fair to conclude from the Hansard record that Eugene Whelan and Western Canada were alike absent from the prime min- ister's mind. Outside the House, .Mr. Whelan sought to correct this impression. He had been consulted, he explained, and it was unfair to criticize Mr. Hudon's credentials. For ob- scure reasons, he added the following thought: 'In the past there have been min- isters of agriculture who ing ministers and we have rotating deputy ministers. (It is unnecessary to clutter the argument with deputies who come down from on high.) These deputies are generalists; their creden- tials, that is to say, have no necessary relationship t o their jobs. How they become deputies is uncertain but once having attained these lofty positions, they are- men of a new vocation, interchan geable like so many law yers, supervising our culture one day, helping Mr. Whelan with next. Mr. Hargrave, being rela- tively new to Ottawa, has yet to appreciate these mod- ern mysteries. Implicit in his questions is an innocent assumption that a deputy minister of agriculture should know something about agriculture and thus be in a position to assist his minister in avoiding mis- takes. He has yet to grasp the advantages of the emerging system which will enable ministers to make mistakes as and when they choose without meddlesome objections from deputies possessed, like the retiring Mr. Williams, with extensive uiowledge of the field. There is still, of course, a great deal of specialized knowledge in government. It is merely being contained at lower levels, well separated from the princely salaries that go with rotation. Many true phase of para-military education makes a start, with specially formed units being attached to the army, navy and air force. This ser- v i c e includes large units and disposes of basic organizations which employ 14 million young Russians of .both sexes. The programs include 160 hours of generic instruction cover- ing a period of 18 months. A quarter of these participants receive additional special- ized training (radio, me- chanics, At the end of this training period the youth receives a licence which declares him as being 'ready for work and. the defence of his country.' made of collective farms run by the army. The forces called up as re- servists or in pre-military service are frequently em- ployed in work of a national interest, such as public works of major importance, especially if they are to be undertaken in difficult physi- cal conditions. In this man- ner these contingents make a substantial contribution to the national economy. young men, well versed in agricultural disciplines are coming up and sooner or later will enter the charmed circle, serving the nation possibly, in fisheries or the post office or urban affairs. It should anyone country fortunate beyond we move to innova- tion and, up to now, have survived. be apparent that we are to At universities, students follow superior courses of a pre-military nature, with 460 hours training in five years, apart from two months in military camps. In this way, the young people are subject to an uninterrupted military preparation. Since 1968 obligatory mili- tary service is of two years duration in the army and air force, and three years in the navy. Exemptions and postpone- ments are granted and some categories of workers, such as miners, are fully exempt from military service. Uni- versity students enjoy suc- cessive postponements and others because from innovation when they obtain their de- grees and their pre-military licence, they. only do one year's military service as of- ficers. Once discharged, Russian Apart from the real armed forces which depend on the ministry of defence, there are also forces dependent upon the ministry of the in- terior (MDV) of about men, of whom are organized as infantry di- visions with the same arms. Then there are those depen- dent upon the committee for state security (KGB) num- bering about men, or- ganized and equipped as in- fantry units with armored cars, helicopters, etc. The three million man at- tribu.ted to the Russian armed forces as reserves, by the London Institute of Strategic Studies is definite- ly less than the true figure. Considering that in 1973. some men reached the age of 18 the age of being called up for service and even considering an exemption of about 30 per ccnt, one can conclude that there are more thaji 11 mil- lion Russian citizens below the age of 30 who have re- ceived military training and are in a position to take up arms if called on.. A Somewhat Sour Appraisal of Mrs. Thatcher The Lady Is a Vamp L Remembered Words From: 'The Sun Rising' By John Donne Busy old fool, unruly sun, Why dost thou Birthdays Mrs. Annie Havard, Eriksdale, Man.; born Glas- gow, Scotland, March 3. 1889. Mrs. Eva Reisberry, Brandon, Man.; born Arn- prior, Ont, March 3, 1878. Mr. Robert Esler, Pilot Mound, Man.; born La- Riviere, Man., March 1, 1890. Through windows and through curtains call on us? Must to thy motions lovers' seasons run? Saucy, pedantic wretch, go chide Lale schoolboys and sour prentices, Go tell court-huntsmen that the king will ride, Call country ants to harvest offices; Love, all alike, no seasons knows, nor clime, Nor hours, days, months, necessary to give a career to intelligent people. I be- lieve Mr. Denis Hudon will do extremely well as deputy minister of agriculture.' It would appear from this rather curious-response that Mr. llargrave's observation is substantially correct. There is indirect confirma- t i o n in the biographical notes issued by the prime minister's office. While Mr. Hudon's credentials, as list- ed, are certainly impressive, none of them have anything to do with agriculture. Mr. Sharp's argument Is two-pronged. First, it is not 'absolutely necessary' that a deputy should have the qualifications suggested. This is not a very forceful didn't know a cow from a sow.' This may be correct. It may even be that unspecia- lized ministers are to be preferred. The less they know, the greater the flexi- oility of the system and the enjoyment of the preroga- tive. Even so, except in sea- sons of emergency, agricul- ture has normally been en- trusted to ministers with the fragrance of the countryside, it is possible that this was a consideration with Mr. Tru- deau when he chose Mr. Whelan in preference, say, to Gerard Pelletier. In diverting our, attention to the political side, howev- er, Mr. Whelan obscures an statement. It may not be ab- solutely necessary that there should be a minister of agri- culture if we were deprived of Mr. Whelan, it is possible that Bryce Mackasey could run the department on days when the post office is not functioning. But what is not absolutely necessary may be highly desirable. It would which are the rags of take considerable space to Today's Scriptures God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to con- found the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to con- found the things which are mighty. And base things of the world, and Jhings which are despised, hath God chosen, yea and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are. 1 Corinthians 1: 27-28. ONDON: The British Conservatives have not got over their coy delight at having dared to elect a brisk headmistress-type suburban woman as leader, and Mar- garet Thatcher herself is liv- ing in a hugely enjoyable dream. After all the bar- room pundits had pontifi- cated that 'ordinary elec- tors would never vote for a the first Gallup poll since the 'blessed Mar- garet's' accession shows the Conservatives coming from 14 per cent behind Labor to a four per cent lead on the question 'how would you vote in a general election to The truth is that the ordinary British clectoi in front of his television se nowadays regards politics as a rather faded spectator sport, and the Tories sud denly have the advantage of novelty. The lady has handled he initial public relations prob lems as a briskly efficien headmistress should, turning silly supposed minefield into protection that blow up in any persecutor's face asked one journalis seeldng to embarrass Gold? locks, 'do early photograph of you show your hair darl 'Because it wa dark brown until it starle to go grey -round the edges I have it tinted.' All ques tions about policies are an swered with brisk nothings but Margaret. Thatcher un derstands that brisk noth ings on television soun quite impressive while waf fling nothings annoy. A journalist like myse cannot bring himself to joi By N. A. D. Macrae he general squeal of delight about Margaret Thatcher, he is far too familiar a ype among present-day poli- icians, geared to winning o t e s from the pseudo- olksy, rather than to bother- ng her beautifully-coiffured head about brave states- manlike policies. But Rich- ard Nixon was the same type, and Harold Wilson is the same type. And both Mr. Nixon and Mr. Wilson have won extraordinary election victories in their time, even when rational men could surely see that what each was saying (while doing the opposite) was not really hon- est. In her gentle avoidance of having any real policies, Mrs. Thatcher- will follow their example. When slaying the dragon Heath she won the support of the right-wing of the Tory parliamentary parly, but she is not going to be'right-wing in her policies. Her cam paign team in the election struggle contained a lot o: pretty awful public-relations officer Tory MPs, plus two real characters in Sir Keith (a right-wing intel who wanted to be ightly not thrown even a bone to her clique of public- elations-men. She has dropped them like an old bone. She has given Airey Neave the rather good post as shadow minister for Northern Ireland affairs. She has not made Sir Keith shadow chancellor, but has soothed his ego by saying he is number three in the Tory- party (after herself and Wil- lie Whitelaw) and put him in charge of a non-operational department thinking up pe- ripheral policies for the next Tory election manifesto; on peripheral matters e.g. 1964 Reggie needed to make money, and accepted 'direc- torships from anybody who offered. Two crooks who wanted to make new compa- nies look respectable were among those _who put him temporarily into their board- rooms, and the Sunday- newspapers will now proba- bly start a series on how for a time Reggie half-turned a blind eye. Harold Wilson has made a main plank of the argument against that 'we on Labor's side are old hands at foreign affairs while Mrs. Thatcher has no foreign so she wanted experience in the shadow foreign secre- tary's post, but may have some aspects of welfare j overestimated the impor- state policy a move lo lhejtance of jt intellectual right is probably what Britain needs. been free- Joseph lectual come shadow chancellor) and Airey Neave (who be came a minor-national-hero in the war when he en- gineered a successful pri- soner-of-war escape from Colditz Castle, but whom Ted Heath always wrongly regarded as just another Tory I n her shadow cabinet posts Mrs. Thatcher has For shadow chancellor Mrs. Thatcher has made the good choice of Sir Geoffrey Howe; a middle-of-the-road q u c s t e r after intellectual truth, who thinks that Ted Heath might have wiser to follow more market and control-of-the- money supply policies, but is notT going lo be fanatic about anything. For shadow foreign secretary, Mrs. Thatcher has made the risky choice of calling back like- able Reggie Maudling, who was Mr. Heath's number two until there were police investigations into two crooked companies of which Reggie was a director. After the Tories fell from office in Mr. Heath and some Hcalhmen (Peter Walker, Robert Carr, Geoffrey Rip- pon) have retired in politely disguised dudgeon to the back benches. That makes a formidable team for Tory backbench revolt when things go wrong for Mar- garet, especially as Enoch Powell is a backbencher too. But one big difference now is what will happen if things quickly go wrong for the country. If there is a real economic crisis, I had always thought-that Mr. Wil- son would try to form a co- alition government and that Mr. Heath as Tory -party Icader would have agreed. Margaret Thatcher w o u 1 d not agree, and would de- mand a general election: maybe to win, and come in with a new Conservative government to handle the crisis, although with not many ideas on how to do so. ;